KESEIMBANGAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ANTARA DOKTER INTERNSIP DAN PASIEN DALAM KASUS DUGAAN MALPRAKTIK

Emirza Nur Wicaksono

doi:10.35316/hukmy.2026.v6i1.1232-1233

Authors

Emirza Nur Wicaksono Universitas Islam Nusantara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35316/hukmy.2026.v6i1.1232-1233

Keywords:

perlindungan hukum, dokter internsip, malpraktik medis, pasien, hukum kesehatan

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the balance of legal protection between intern doctors and patients in cases of alleged malpractice within the Indonesian healthcare legal system. The main problem lies in the unclear regulations regarding the legal responsibility of intern doctors, which has the potential to create legal uncertainty and imbalanced protection. This study uses normative legal methods with a statutory and conceptual approach to examine relevant legal norms, principles, and doctrines. The results show that although Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health regulates legal protection for medical personnel and patients, there are no specific regulations regarding the legal position of intern doctors. Available dispute resolution mechanisms, whether through mediation, disciplinary bodies, or litigation, do not fully accommodate the characteristics of intern doctors as medical personnel in the learning phase. As a result, uncertainty arises in the division of legal responsibility, resulting in unequal protection. This study concludes that regulatory and institutional strengthening is needed to create a fair and proportional balance of legal protection. These findings contribute to the development of healthcare law and provide a basis for formulating policies that are more responsive to the dynamics of medical practice.

References

Arifin, Z. “Distributive Justice in Healthcare Law: Balancing Rights and Obligations.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 455–72. doi:10.20885/iustum.vol29.iss3.art6.

David Estrada. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Dokter Dalam Melakukan Praktik Kedokteran Terkait Dengan Dugaan Pelanggaran Disiplin Yang Berdampak Terhadap Malpraktik.” ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum Dan Humaniora 2, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 137–53. doi:10.59246/aladalah.v2i2.793.

Devi, R. “Legal Liability in Medical Malpractice Cases: A Comparative Analysis.” Journal of Law and Health 15, no. 2 (2023): 120–35. doi:10.1016/j.jlh.2023.02.004.

Emirza Nur Wicaksono. “Ketimpangan Beban Tanggung Jawab Hukum Antara Dokter Dan Perawat Dalam Sistem Pelayanan Kesehatan.” Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Politik Dan Hukum Indonesia 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2026): 44–60. doi:10.62383/amandemen.v3i1.1517.

Firdaus, M.A. Paradigma Baru Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik Atas Dugaan Malpraktik Medik. Bandung: Widina, 2025.

Firmansyah, R., and M. Aditya. “Legal Ambiguity in Medical Liability: Implications for Healthcare Practice.” Jurnal Rechtsvinding 12, no. 2 (2023): 189–205. doi:10.33331/rechtsvinding.v12i2.1021.

Handayani, S., and R. Putra. “Hospital Liability in Medical Malpractice Cases: A Systemic Approach.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Kesehatan 8, no. 1 (2024): 33–49. doi:10.24843/jhk.2024.v08.i01.p03.

Hapsari, D, and P Nugraha. “Institutional Integration in Resolving Medical Disputes in Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan 13, no. 1 (2024): 67–84. doi:10.25216/jhp.13.1.2024.67-84.

Hidayat, T. “Disciplinary Mechanisms in Indonesian Medical Law: Between Ethics and Legal Responsibility.” Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan 7, no. 2 (2021): 134–50. doi:10.26905/jhk.v7i2.6789.

Kembaren, N, and T Sembiring. “Penegakan Hukum Kesehatan Terhadap Kegiatan Malpraktik Di Indonesia.” Governance: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Politik Lokal Dan Pembangunan 10, no. 3 (2024). doi:10.56015/gjikplp.v10i3.165.

Kurniawan, A. “Communication Breakdown and Medical Disputes in Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2021): 45–60. doi:10.7454/jhki.v5i1.1023.

Lestari, D, and A Nugroho. “Institutional Liability in Medical Malpractice Cases in Indonesia.” Jurnal Rechtsvinding 11, no. 1 (2022): 55–72. doi:10.33331/rechtsvinding.v11i1.789.

Marzuki, P M. Penelitian Hukum (Edisi Revisi). Kencana, 2021.

Montgomery, J. “Medical Law and the Balancing of Interests in Clinical Training.” Medical Law Review 28, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 389–410. doi:10.1093/medlaw/fwaa012.

Nasution, M R. “Informed Consent as a Legal Protection Instrument in Healthcare Services.” Jurnal Etika Medis Indonesia 6, no. 2 (2021): 77–92. doi:10.30659/jemi.v6i2.14567.

Pramono, B. “Corrective Justice in Healthcare Dispute Resolution.” Jurnal Yustisia 12, no. 3 (2023): 201–18. doi:10.20961/yustisia.v12i3.65432.

Prastyo, B, and H Widodo. “Legal Protection for Medical Interns in Indonesian Healthcare System.” Jurnal Yuridika 37, no. 2 (2022): 215–30. doi:10.20473/ydk.v37i2.34567.

Purwantono, R A. Pertanggungjawaban Hukum: Regulasi Dan Keadilan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2024.

Putri, N A, and B Santoso. “Vicarious Liability in Medical Malpractice Cases: Indonesian Perspective.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 53, no. 1 (2023): 88–105. doi:10.21143/jhp.vol53.no1.4567.

Qomariyah, Selly Ismi, Fanny Tanuwijaya, and Al Khanif. “Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Penanganan Malpraktik Medis Berdasarkan Perspektif Viktimologi.” Interdisciplinary Journal On Law, Social Sciences And Humanities 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2024): 189. doi:10.19184/idj.v5i2.49308.

Santoso, B. “Restorative Justice Approach in Medical Dispute Resolution.” Jurnal Yustisia 11, no. 2 (2022): 145–62. doi:10.20961/yustisia.v11i2.78901.

Sari, D P, and Y Utama. “Criminal Liability in Medical Negligence Cases in Indonesia.” Jurnal Ius Constituendum 8, no. 2 (2023): 150–68. doi:10.26623/jic.v8i2.7890.

Suryatma, A. “Newly Graduated Indonesian Medical Doctors and Internship Program Policy Analysis.” Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2024): 26–33. doi:10.22146/jkki.12194.

Wibowo, A. “Burden of Proof in Medical Dispute Litigation: Challenges and Solutions.” Jurnal Rechtsvinding 11, no. 3 (2022): 401–18. doi:10.33331/rechtsvinding.v11i3.912.

Wicaksono, E N. “Kajian Normatif Pendekatan Digital Untuk Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis Dengan Prinsip Restorative Justice.” In Prosiding Mimbar Justitia, 40–49, 2025. doi:https://jurnal.unsur.ac.id/index.php/pmj/article/view/5789/3615.

Wicaksono, Emirza Nur. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Dalam Tindakan Medis: Studi Kritis Terhadap Pasal-Pasal Krusial Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kesehatan.” Jurnal Sutasoma 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2025): 26–36. doi:10.58878/sutasoma.v4i1.410.

Wulandari, S. “Legal Certainty in Healthcare Dispute Resolution.” Jurnal Hukum Prioris 8, no. 1 (2021): 25–40. doi:10.25105/prioris.v8i1.9123.