INHERITANCE RIGHTS FOR LI'AN CHILDREN IN THE STUDY OF MATHEMATICS AND ISLAMIC LAW

: Mathematics is a complex science that can be used as a complement to other branches of science. Likewise, the science of faraidh discusses the inheritance rights of property (tirkah) to the heirs of owners who have died, as in one of the problems related to the inheritance rights of other children. So this study aims to describe the role of mathematics in the distribution of inheritance rights of a Li'an child based on the analysis of Islamic law. The research method used is a literature study and focused discussion. The subject of this study is Inheritance and Islamic law, while the object is Li'an's children. The results showed that: (1) mathematics has an essential role in solving the distribution of inheritance rights for other children; (2) according to the perspective of Islamic law, the Li'an child is not related to his father because the lian oath was made by both parents, and the child does not have inheritance rights from the father; (3) other children are only related to their mother, and other children get inheritance rights from their mother's side.


INTRODUCTION
Mathematics is a complex science often used in every lifeline. Appropriate problemsolving methods must be used when applying mathematics to a particular problem. It is also included in solving a problem in Islamic religious law, especially the science of faraidh. Faraidh science and mathematics are two branches of science that cannot be separated because, in Faraidh science, arithmetic is needed to help and facilitate the completion of the distribution of the Inheritance left by the deceased based on Islamic law contained in the Al-Quran and Hadith 1 . The science of Faraidh is a science that is very much needed during people's lives because it concerns the distribution of Inheritance left by the deceased. Still, most Indonesians rely more on logic than Faraidh science 2,3,4 .
The above phenomenon is relevant to the words of Rasulullah SAW. Narrated by Al-Hakim: 5

‫الفريضة‬ ‫الحاكم)‬ ‫(رواه‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يضى‬ ‫من‬ ‫يجدان‬ ‫ال‬
From Ibn Mas'ud, Rasulullah SAW. said, "Learn the Koran and teach it to people. And learn the science of farâ'idh and teach it to people. Because I'm only a human who will die, it will be revoked in the science of Inheritance. Then slander spreads until two people are fighting over the issue of Inheritance but can't find anyone who can answer it".
Based on this hadith, it explains the obligation of Muslims to study the Koran by researching and understanding it as a way of life and teaching each other to the laity in assemblies of Taklim or other states of religious shiar. In addition, the hadith instructs us to study and teach the science of Faraidh because it is imperative to implement this knowledge in social life.
According to Tohir, Abidin, Dafik, & Hobri, the ability to think in identifying and constructing formulas in mathematics is needed to foster students' understanding of the material and produce meaningful learning 6,7 . Furthermore, Tohir said that the ability to solve mathematical problems is seen as a particular process of combining mathematical rules for the issue at hand 8 . Therefore, mathematics has an essential role in the science of faraidh. There is no exception in the distribution of inheritance rights for a Li'an child or a child born due to an oath from his parents that causes divorce. In this case, it is unclear how the inheritance rights are calculated for the other child when the father or mother dies. Li'an is an oath taken by a husband who accuses his wife of adultery and cannot present four witnesses to support his indictment 9 . The commitment was said four times, and the fifth time, it was added with the words "'God's curse on me if I lie." Then the wife was also allowed to reject her husband's Li'an by swearing four times in denial of the husband's accusation earlier and at the fifth time saying, "God's anger is upon me if my husband is true with what he says. Li'an occurs when the wife denies the accusation of adultery thrown by the husband. Then the husband cannot bring four witnesses. As a result of Li'an, there are two things related to Inheritance, namely (1) Disconnection between husband and wife; and (2) Disconnect between the husband who said the Li'an oath with the kid who was born 10 . Then what is the role of mathematics in responding to the problem of inheritance distribution to the Li'an children? Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the role of mathematics in calculating the distribution of Inheritance to children resulting from Li'an according to the perspective of Islamic law.

RESEARCH METHODS
The descriptive qualitative research approach was utilized in this study, which yielded written data or expert expressions using the literature study method. Literature study is linked to theoretical studies and a variety of references that are essential to scientific literature 11,12,13,14,15 . This research was conducted with the consideration that this research is related to writing and philosophical thinking. The type of research used by the authors in this research is a literature study, focused discussion.
Data from the study were taken from several reference articles related to Li'an law. The researcher conducted an in-depth study of the data that had been collected. After the results of in-depth analysis or research were obtained in this study, the results were presented with descriptive analysis to describe the study of mathematics and the perspective of Islamic law in addressing inheritance rights for Li'an children.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To better understand the calculation of Faraidh for Li'an children, several examples of problems will be presented as representatives of cases in the community. Istiawati et al. define Inheritance from the word's origin, namely Al-miirats 16 . The word Al-miirats in Nahwu-Shorof science is called Mashdar (infinitive). Al-miirats comes from the words Waritsa, Yaritsu, Irtsan, and Miiraatsan. Meanwhile, linguistically it can be interpreted as the transfer of a specific thing from one person to another or the transfer of any particular something from one person to another. At the same time, the term inheritance from someone who has died in faraidh science is called tirkah (relics). Tirkah is all things left behind by the deceased, whether in the form of goods, assets or money, or anything else that can be justified by Islamic law to be distributed to his heirs.
According to Islamic law, an heir has the right to receive Inheritance (Inheritance) from someone who has died, has a family relationship, is married, or has freed a slave (servant) or Wala'. Table 1 below presents the four pillars of Inheritance in Islamic law 17 . a. The group of male heirs consists of 15 groups, namely: (1) sons, (2) grandsons (from sons), (3) fathers, (4) grandfathers (from sons) father), (5) siblings, (6) half-brothers, (7) brothers and sisters, (8) sons of biological brothers, (9) sons mother's brother, (10) father's biological uncle, (11) uncle's uncle, (12) father's uncle's son, (13) father's uncle's son, (14) husbands, and (15) men who freed slaves. b. The group of heirs from the female side consists of 9 groups, namely: (1) daughters, mothers, (2) daughters of sons, (3) grandmothers (a mother from the mother), (4) grandmothers (a mother from father), (5) sister, (6) father's sister, (7) mother's sister, (8) wife, and (9) walla' (a woman who freed slaves). Etymologically, the word Li'an comes from Arabic; La'ana is the Mashdar form of the fi'il (verb) arrangement ‫لعنا‬ ‫یلعن-‬ ‫,لعن-‬ which means anathema or curse 18,19 . Named this Li'an because of what happens between husband and wife, because each husband and wife curse themselves the fifth time if he lies 20 . In terms of terminology, many fiqh experts define Li'an as follows: 1. The Maliki school defines it as the oath of a Muslim husband who has reached puberty that he saw the adultery committed by his wife or his rejection of his wife's pregnancy from him. And the wife swears that her husband lied with four oaths, with the words "I testify in the name of Allah that I witnessed him commit adultery" and other similar sentences, before the judge. Is this marriage valid or "Fasid"? Therefore, an oath made by someone other than their husband, such as a foreigner, an infidel, a child, or a madman, is invalid.
2. The Shafi'i Mazhab defines it as a known sentence used as an excuse for people who feel compelled to accuse people who have polluted their bed and brought shame to them or rejected the child they are carrying.

The Hanafi Mazhab, in the book Bada'i al Shanai' by 'Alauddin Abi Bakrin ibn Mas'ud defines
Li'an as several testimonies that are strengthened by oaths, in which the husband's testimony is accompanied by anathema and the wife's testimony is accompanied by Ghadab, who occupies the position of Had Qodzab on the husband and occupying the position of had adultery on the rights of the wife 21 .
Based on some of the opinions above, it can be concluded that Li'an is an oath made by a husband when accusing his wife of adultery or rejecting his wife's pregnancy. At the same time, he did not have four witnesses who saw the act himself, with four witness testimonies that he was one of the righteous. In his accusation, then in the fifth oath of testimony, he asked for the curse of Allah SWT if he lied. Then the wife also swore four times that she did not act as accused by her husband; in the fifth oath, she was ready to accept the wrath of Allah SWT if her husband's accusation turned out to be true.
According to the results of research by Fariha, Liliek & Yusuf, the position of children due to lian is: 1. The position of the adulteress child and Li'an's child is the same; that is, they are equally assigned (nasab) to their mother and their mother's family.
2. Against his biological father, the child cannot be assigned to his biological father; the child can only be assigned to his mother's husband as long as his mother's husband does not deny it.
3. Neither the biological father nor the mother's husband, who disavows the child, cannot be the guardian in the marriage if the child is a girl, is not required to provide maintenance, and there is no mutual inheritance relationship.
4. Li'an son only gets Inheritance from his mother and his mother's family, while his mother's husband and mother's husband's family do not receive Inheritance.

5.
Li'an's son did not inherit his Inheritance. A Li'an child only gets Inheritance from his biological father and his birth father's family through a mandatory will, not as his Heir 22 .
Thus, if a husband has said the Li'an oath to his wife, then there will be a legal consequence: the child's relationship is severed with the mother's husband who said the Li'an oath. Similarly, in the case of Inheritance between her husband and her kid, Li'an was cut off, and the inheritance relationship was exclusive to her mother from then on. In addition to having an inheritance relationship with his mother, a Li'an child also has an inheritance relationship with people who are related to his mother's family. In other words, the Li'an child is only the heir of his mother and his mother's family. Still, he does not become the heir of his father and his father's family or his biological father and his biological father's family. Li'an children only get property from their biological father through a mandatory will, not by becoming the Heir 23,24 .
Therefore, it can be concluded that in the science of Faraidh, the right of Inheritance for Li'an children is the same as for adultery. The child does not receive an Inheritance from his biological father when the father dies but only gets an Inheritance from his mother's side. Whereas in the Civil Code article 863, if the Heir dies leaving legal offspring or husband and wife, then the child out of wedlock who is recognized inherits 1/3 of the share from those who were initially supposed to get it if they are legitimate children 25 . Islamic law can be called the obligatory property that must be given from the bond of a parent to his child. In the following, mathematical calculations related to Faraid science are presented in the case of a Li'an child.

Case 1
Syifa is Li'an's daughter from Ihsan and Supinah. Both of his parents died when he was two years old. Syifa lives with her maternal grandmother, and her mother left 50,000,000 in cash at an ATM. Supinah herself has two sisters, Nia and Nana. How much Inheritance did Syifa get after her mother died?

Alternative Solutions
Known: Syifa was a child of adultery, and both parents died. His mother left assets of IDR 50,000,000. Existing heirs, namely his grandmother Syifa (9 from Mother) and 2 of her mother's sisters. Asked: how much money did Syifa get? Answer: The origin of the problem: 6

Heir
Part Shiham A husband and wife are fighting because the husband accuses his wife of adultery with another person. So there was an oath between the two of them. And it turned out that the husband's accusation was true, and after that, Li'an's son was born from his wife. Then, the husband who said the Li'an oath died when the child was two years old and left an estate of 150,000,000. Besides that, the couple already had two children before the occurrence of Li'an. Then how to calculate the Inheritance?

Alternative Solutions
Known: A husband and wife have one son (Li'an) and two sons (legal children Thus, based on the description of the 2 cases mentioned above, it can be concluded that children born to parents who take the Li'an oath cannot get inheritance rights from their Father because the lineage is broken because of the Li'an oath. However, they still get inheritance rights from their mother. Based on Article 162 KHI, the breakup of the lineage with the father means that the child cannot inherit property from the Father but can only inherit property from the mother and the mother's family 26,27,28 . Even while the father may give the kid property, this does not imply an inheritance; instead, it is a need for the child's protection 29,30,31 . The law that applies is precisely the same as the inheritance law for children of adultery.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that: (1) In the distribution of inheritance rights in Faraidh science, mathematics cannot be separated; (2) making the right plan and using it in solving the problem of dividing inheritance rights for other children needs to be done continuously; (3) Li'an children according to the perspective of Islamic law do not have a relationship with the father because of the Li'an oath. So it will not have inheritance rights from the father. However, the Li'an child still has inheritance rights from his mother; and (4) According to Islamic law, a Li'an child is a child born to a husband and wife who took the Li'an oath because the husband accused his wife of adultery and without witnesses. It turns out that the oath made by the husband was valid.