THE INFLUENCE OF A MINIMAL INTERNET ENVIRONMENT ON THE EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD DIGITAL DEVICE USERS

Authors

  • Toyyibatut Thowilah Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Genggong Probolinggo (67282), Indonesia
  • Amirul Mukminin Fakultas Tarbiyah, Universitas Ibrahimy Situbondo (68374), Indonesia
  • Zahra Hudaibiyah University of Ez-Zitouna, Tunis (1008), Tunisia

Keywords:

Early Childhood, Emotional Development, Digital Environment, Gadget Use, Internet

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of an environment without internet access on the emotional development of early childhood children who are accustomed to using digital devices. The focus of this research is children aged 4–6 years with a relatively high intensity of gadget use who are subsequently exposed to an environment with limited internet access. This study employs a qualitative approach using a library research design. Data were obtained through a review of various relevant literature sources, including books, scholarly journal articles, and previous studies related to early childhood emotional development, gadget use, and the impact of digital environments on children’s psychology. Data collection was conducted through documentation techniques, while data analysis utilized content analysis methods, involving data reduction, classification, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that, in the initial stage, children exhibit negative emotional responses such as frustration, boredom, and tantrums due to reduced access to digital media. However, over time, children demonstrate positive developmental changes, including increased social interaction, greater engagement in creative play activities, and improved emotional regulation. This study concludes that an environment without internet access can have a positive impact on children’s emotional development, particularly when supported by parental guidance and the provision of constructive alternative activities. Therefore, a balance between digital technology use and social interaction is essential in early childhood parenting.

References

Aisyah, S., et al. (2018). Perkembangan dan konsep dasar pengembangan anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 12(1).

Alifa, R., Sobarna, A., & Hakim, A. (2025, August). Dari Adaptasi ke Internalisasi: Implementasi MPLS di Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. In Bandung Conference Series: Early Childhood Teacher Education (Vol. 5, No. 2) https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsecte.v5i2.21238

Anderson, D. R., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2017). Digital screen media and cognitive development. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement 2).

Bagwell, C. L., & Schmidt, M. E. (2011). Friendships in childhood and adolescence. New York: Guilford Press.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. New York: Basic Books.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Christakis, D. A. (2017). The challenges of defining digital addiction. JAMA, 317(7).

Coyne, S. M., et al. (2020). Does time spent using social media impact mental health?: An eight year longitudinal study. Computers in Human Behavior, 104.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. California: Sage Publications.

Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York: Guilford Press.

Denzin, N. K. (2017). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64.

Gottman, J. (1997). Raising an emotionally intelligent child. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations. In Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford Press.

Hirsh-Pasek, K., et al. (2015a). Putting education in educational apps. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(1).

Maisaroh, Anisa Amalia, and Sri Untari. "Transformasi pendidikan karakter melalui kebijakan pemerintah di indonesia menuju generasi emas 2045: transformasi pendidikan karakter melalui kebijakan pemerintah di indonesia menuju generasi emas 2045." Jurnal kebijakan pemerintahan (2024) https://doi.org/10.33701/jkp.v7i1.4347

Masten, A. S. (2001). Resilience in development. American Psychologist, 56(3).

Mischel, W. (2014). The marshmallow test and self-control. Developmental Psychology, 50(2).

Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Nazir, M. (2014). Metode penelitian. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.

Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books.

Radesky, J. S., & Christakis, D. A. (2016). Increased screen time: Implications for early childhood development. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(5).

Radesky, J. S., et al. (2014). Patterns of mobile device use by caregivers and children during meals. Pediatrics, 133(4).

Radesky, J. S., et al. (2015a). Mobile and interactive media use by young children. Pediatrics, 135(1).

Radesky, J. S., et al. (2015b). Patterns of mobile device use by caregivers and children. Pediatrics, 136(4).

Rich, M., & Christakis, D. A. (2016). Media and young minds. Pediatrics, 138(5).

Rideout, V. (2017). The Common Sense census: Media use by kids age zero to eight. Common Sense Media.

Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Temperament and development. In Handbook of child psychology.

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan.

Sroufe, L. A. (1996). Emotional development: The organization of emotional life in the early years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents. Preventive Medicine Reports, 12.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Wisudaningsih, Endah Tri, M. Zayadi Animan, and Mochammad Zainal Abidin. "Dinamika perkembangan anak usia dini: Kajian tentang motorik, bahasa, fantasi, dan sikap sosial." IHSAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 3.4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.61104/ihsan.v3i4.2434

Wicun, Dina. "Dampak Konsumsi Short-Form Content terhadap Perkembangan Minat dan Ketahanan Membaca Anak Generasi Alpha." Jurnal Riset Psikologi 8.2 (2025 https://doi.org/10.24036/yb3syg54

Yulianto, Eko. "Dampak Penggunaan Gawai Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik pada Anak Usia Dini." Jurnal Cerlang PG Paud 2.1 (2025): https://doi.org/10.37640/jcpaud.v2i1.2348

Downloads

Published

2026-04-29

How to Cite

Toyyibatut Thowilah, Amirul Mukminin, & Zahra Hudaibiyah. (2026). THE INFLUENCE OF A MINIMAL INTERNET ENVIRONMENT ON THE EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD DIGITAL DEVICE USERS. Atthufulah: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(2), 117–133. Retrieved from https://journal.ibrahimy.ac.id/index.php/Atthufulah/article/view/9328